Frederick Herzberg in 1959 came up with the two-factor theory of motivation.
It emphasises that in order to motivate a person there is a need for factors that motivate or increases satisfaction and factors that prevent any dissatisfaction and increases ” No Dissatisfaction”.
Graphically it is represented as follows-
Let us look in detail into what is considered as motivators and what are considered as hygiene factors. These two together make up the job factors.
A. Hygiene Factors are those that prevent dissatisfaction to the extent that can be no dissatisfaction. These represent the physiological needs that have to be satisfied
1. Pay should be reasonable
2. Company policies and administrative policies should be fair and flexible.
3. Fringe benefits like medical etc should be made available to all employees
4. Physical Working conditions should be safe clean and hygienic.
5. The employee’ s position should be retained under all circumstances.
6. Interpersonal relations should not have humiliation and conflict.
7. The company must provide job security to all employees.
B. Motivational factors are those physiological factors that are additional to the hygiene factors.
- Recognition
- Growth and promotion
- Meaningfulness of work
- Responsibility
- Sense of achievement
However, all such theories have a limitation that is their application is limited in effectivity by the judgements of people as they do not take into account the perfection of quantitative evaluation.